Ecuador Grants Julian Assange Asylum

The decision, citing the possibility that Mr. Assange could face “political persecution” or be sent to the United States to face the death penalty, escalated the unusually sharp strains between Ecuador and Britain, and drew an angry rebuttal from Sweden. The Ecuadorean move protects Mr. Assange from British arrest, but only on Ecuadorean territory, leaving him vulnerable if he tries to leave the embassy to head to an airport or train station.

Ecuador’s foreign minister, Ricardo Patiño, made the announcement at a news conference in the Ecuadorean capital, Quito.

“The government of Ecuador, faithful to its tradition of protecting those who seek refuge in its territory or in its diplomatic missions, has decided to grant diplomatic asylum to Julian Assange,” he said, reading from a government communiqué. He added, “There are indications to presume that there could be political persecution,” and said Mr. Assange would not get a fair trial in the United States and could face the death penalty there.

Mr. Patiño said he hoped that Britain would permit Mr. Assange to leave the embassy for Ecuador. But at a news conference on Thursday in London, the British foreign secretary, William Hague, repeated the government’s stance that Britain was legally bound to to extradite Mr. Assange to Sweden, where he is wanted for questioning over accusations that he sexually assaulted two women.

Tensions between Britain and Ecuador had been building over Britain’s efforts to secure a handover of Mr. Assange. Mr. Hague described a multitude of negotiations for a handover, including “seven formal discussions as well as many other conversations.” But Wednesday night, Mr. Patiño said the British authorities had threatened to force their way into the embassy, adding, “We are not a British colony.” On Thursday, just before the announcement of asylum, President Rafael Correa said on his Twitter account: “No one is going to terrorize us!”

The president of the National Assembly of Ecuador called a special session for Thursday evening to discuss the perceived threat against the embassy by the British government.

The British Foreign Office said it was disappointed by the Ecuadorean announcement but remained committed to a negotiated outcome to the standoff. Sweden’s foreign minister, Carl Bildt, rejected the suggestion that Sweden would be involved in any kind of persecution. “Our firm legal and constitutional system guarantees the rights of each and everyone,” he wrote on Twitter. “ We firmly reject any accusations to the contrary.”

A spokesman for Sweden’s Foreign Ministry, Anders Jorle, said the country’s legal system had been impugned and the Ecuadorean ambassador had been summoned.

In Sweden, Claes Borgstrom, the lawyer representing the two women who have accused Mr. Assange of sexual abuses, told the online newspaper Expressen.se that the women had expected the decision but still thought it absurd and were disappointed.

“Assange is a coward,” Mr. Borgstrom said. “He is accused of assault, but he is totally uninterested in my clients. He has shifted his focus elsewhere.”

Mr. Patiño’s news conference was broadcast live on British television and Mr. Assange watched the announcement as it happened, British news reports said. He told embassy staff members: “It is a significant victory for myself and my people. Things will probably get more stressful now.”

Outside the embassy, a small red brick apartment block behind Harrods department store in the upscale Knightsbridge neighborhood, a protester with a megaphone provided sporadic updates on the progress of the news conference in Quito. When it became clear that Mr. Assange had won asylum, the response was a muted joy. “It’s great news,” said a youth worker, 21, who gave his name only as James. “As long as Britain honors his right to asylum,” he added, outlining his hope that the British government would allow Mr. Assange to leave the country without arresting him. If that does not happen, he said, gesturing to the protesters around him, “this will only get bigger.” Like many of the protesters, the youth worker said he believed that the accusations of sexual abuse against Mr. Assage were part of a conspiracy to silence WikiLeaks. “Textbook character assassination,” he said.

Speculation immediately turned to whether, and how, Mr. Assange might seek to escape.

Mr. Patiño said his government had made its decision after the authorities in Britain, Sweden and the United States refused to give guarantees that if Mr. Assange were extradited to Sweden, he would not then be sent on to the United States to face other charges.

Those close to Mr. Assange have said that he fears ending up in the United States, which could bring charges over WikiLeaks’s release in 2010 of thousands of secret documents and diplomatic cables relating to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, as well as to American relations with other governments.

Mr. Jorle, the Swedish Foreign Ministry spokesman, said there had been no request from the United States for custody of Mr. Assange.

William Neuman reported from Caracas, and Maggy Ayala from Quito, Ecuador. John F. Burns, Ravi Somaiya and Alan Cowell contributed reporting from London; and Christine Anderson from Stockholm.

Entrepreneurship | Fellowships: The Thiel Fellowship Aids Young Entrepreneurs with Grants

The two-year fellowship, for applicants under age 20, was started last year by Peter Thiel, the Silicon Valley investor who believes more young people should be chasing breakthrough technologies instead of wasting their time and money in college. Mr. Wilson is in the second group of grant recipients, announced last month. He joins 43 other fellows — 39 men and 4 women — working on projects like developing unmanned aerial vehicles and building electric car motors with rare earth magnets.

By recruiting would-be Mark Zuckerbergs, Mr. Thiel is tapping into the lore of Silicon Valley, where coffee shops are crammed with C.E.O.’s barely out of their teens and being a dropout is a badge of honor — one held by tech’s biggest luminaries, including Steve Jobs and Bill Gates as well as Mr. Zuckerberg.

But the Thiel Fellowship has also fueled a fierce debate about the value of a college education in a changing economy, one where the skills to write software or build a robot, coupled with an outsize dose of ambition and a youthful belief in one’s ability to change the world, have the potential to produce fame and fortune in a way that few other professions do.

“You increasingly have people who are graduating from college, not being able to get good jobs, moving back home with their parents,” Mr. Thiel said. “I think there’s a surprising openness to the idea that something’s gone badly wrong and needs to be fixed.”

James O’Neill, a founder of the program, blames the cost of college for what he sees as a lack of innovation in areas like energy, transportation, nanotechnology, space travel and robotics. “Not only does college track you into a career with a big company,” he said, “but for many people, it piles on a huge amount of debt that limits people starting a company or quitting your job to tinker in your garage.”

The fellowship offers little structure. Fellows meet quarterly to discuss their projects and listen to guest speakers, but they work on their own. They are assigned mentors to turn to for what Mr. O’Neill calls “life-hacking skills,” like whether it is productive to work every day or to take time off and how much exercise entrepreneurs need. The grant comes with no strings; Mr. Thiel doesn’t even get first refusal rights to invest if fellows are raising money to start a company.

James Proud is a Thiel fellow who sold his start-up, a music recommendation Web site called GigLocator, in June. He said he knows he is missing out on the deep computer science knowledge that he could learn in college. “I would’ve been the first person in my family to go to university, so it was a pretty big deal not to go,” he said. “But I decided that I’ve learned so much over the past year, building a company, starting stuff and meeting all these people, that I’d be losing out more if I paused.”

Eden Full left Princeton to build a device that rotates solar panels so they absorb maximum sunlight, intended for the developing world. She has pilot projects in Africa, India and Peru. Ms. Full plans to reapply to Princeton when her fellowship ends. “I didn’t find college valuable before,” she said. “But I’ve learned so much about myself and I have this newfound appreciation for what college can do for me.”

But not all Thiel fellows are successful. John Burnham had bold plans to start a company to extract minerals from outer space. He quickly learned that $100,000 was not nearly enough to do that, so he came up with a new idea: creating models to make capital-intensive projects like space exploration economically viable. That idea also floundered, so now Mr. Burnham is figuring out what to do next. “It’s been really eye-opening for me to realize that just because you have a big idea doesn’t mean that’s all it’s going to take to make something happen,” he said.

For those who drop out — and fail to get a start-up off the ground — giving up college can hurt. Unemployment for those with just a high school diploma is 21 percent. And college has countless benefits even for out-of-box thinkers, from networking opportunities to learning practical skills that apply to starting companies.

William Damon, an education professor who directs the Stanford Center on Adolescence, is studying how young people become entrepreneurs. “A lot of the entrepreneurs are actually doing it based on the education they are getting in colleges or business schools, and the ones who aren’t, the famous exceptions, all have very deep and rich networks, often through their family.”

Mr. Wilson understands that. “College is the safe route,” he said. “The fellowship is definitely not the safe route. There’s a risk, but the only rewards come with risks.”

Entrepreneurship | Fellowships: The Thiel Fellowship Aids Young Entrepreneurs with Grants

The two-year fellowship, for applicants under age 20, was started last year by Peter Thiel, the Silicon Valley investor who believes more young people should be chasing breakthrough technologies instead of wasting their time and money in college. Mr. Wilson is in the second group of grant recipients, announced last month. He joins 43 other fellows — 39 men and 4 women — working on projects like developing unmanned aerial vehicles and building electric car motors with rare earth magnets.

By recruiting would-be Mark Zuckerbergs, Mr. Thiel is tapping into the lore of Silicon Valley, where coffee shops are crammed with C.E.O.’s barely out of their teens and being a dropout is a badge of honor — one held by tech’s biggest luminaries, including Steve Jobs and Bill Gates as well as Mr. Zuckerberg.

But the Thiel Fellowship has also fueled a fierce debate about the value of a college education in a changing economy, one where the skills to write software or build a robot, coupled with an outsize dose of ambition and a youthful belief in one’s ability to change the world, have the potential to produce fame and fortune in a way that few other professions do.

“You increasingly have people who are graduating from college, not being able to get good jobs, moving back home with their parents,” Mr. Thiel said. “I think there’s a surprising openness to the idea that something’s gone badly wrong and needs to be fixed.”

James O’Neill, a founder of the program, blames the cost of college for what he sees as a lack of innovation in areas like energy, transportation, nanotechnology, space travel and robotics. “Not only does college track you into a career with a big company,” he said, “but for many people, it piles on a huge amount of debt that limits people starting a company or quitting your job to tinker in your garage.”

The fellowship offers little structure. Fellows meet quarterly to discuss their projects and listen to guest speakers, but they work on their own. They are assigned mentors to turn to for what Mr. O’Neill calls “life-hacking skills,” like whether it is productive to work every day or to take time off and how much exercise entrepreneurs need. The grant comes with no strings; Mr. Thiel doesn’t even get first refusal rights to invest if fellows are raising money to start a company.

James Proud is a Thiel fellow who sold his start-up, a music recommendation Web site called GigLocator, in June. He said he knows he is missing out on the deep computer science knowledge that he could learn in college. “I would’ve been the first person in my family to go to university, so it was a pretty big deal not to go,” he said. “But I decided that I’ve learned so much over the past year, building a company, starting stuff and meeting all these people, that I’d be losing out more if I paused.”

Eden Full left Princeton to build a device that rotates solar panels so they absorb maximum sunlight, intended for the developing world. She has pilot projects in Africa, India and Peru. Ms. Full plans to reapply to Princeton when her fellowship ends. “I didn’t find college valuable before,” she said. “But I’ve learned so much about myself and I have this newfound appreciation for what college can do for me.”

But not all Thiel fellows are successful. John Burnham had bold plans to start a company to extract minerals from outer space. He quickly learned that $100,000 was not nearly enough to do that, so he came up with a new idea: creating models to make capital-intensive projects like space exploration economically viable. That idea also floundered, so now Mr. Burnham is figuring out what to do next. “It’s been really eye-opening for me to realize that just because you have a big idea doesn’t mean that’s all it’s going to take to make something happen,” he said.

For those who drop out — and fail to get a start-up off the ground — giving up college can hurt. Unemployment for those with just a high school diploma is 21 percent. And college has countless benefits even for out-of-box thinkers, from networking opportunities to learning practical skills that apply to starting companies.

William Damon, an education professor who directs the Stanford Center on Adolescence, is studying how young people become entrepreneurs. “A lot of the entrepreneurs are actually doing it based on the education they are getting in colleges or business schools, and the ones who aren’t, the famous exceptions, all have very deep and rich networks, often through their family.”

Mr. Wilson understands that. “College is the safe route,” he said. “The fellowship is definitely not the safe route. There’s a risk, but the only rewards come with risks.”